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1.
São Paulo; s.n; s.n; 2018. 71 p. tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-998706

ABSTRACT

As intoxicações decorrentes do uso de drogas de abuso representam atualmente um grave problema para a saúde pública. Dentre os principais agentes envolvidos, destaca-se a cocaína. Ela se tornou uma das drogas mais consumidas ao redor do mundo, sendo um dos principais motivos de atendimentos em pronto-socorro (PS) devido ao uso de substâncias ilícitas. Seu uso ocorre principalmente em associação com bebida alcóolica. Existem poucos estudos realizados que relacionem a concentração sanguínea de cocaína e a gravidade das manifestações clínicas em populações que a utilizam como droga de abuso, e que envolvam pacientes atendidos em PS. O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar a possível relação entre concentração sanguínea de cocaína e cocaetileno (produto da interação de cocaína com etanol) com a gravidade das manifestações clínicas apresentadas por pacientes com hipótese diagnóstica de intoxicação por cocaína. As concentrações sanguíneas foram determinadas por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC) e a gravidade das manifestações clínicas foi avaliada através do Stimulant Intoxication Score (SIS). Dos 81 pacientes incluídos no estudo 77,8% são homens com idade média de 32,5 anos ± 8,5 e SIS médio de 3,4 ± 2,5. Do total de pacientes incluídos no estudo 20 (24,7%) tiveram resultados positivos em sangue para os analitos de interesse, sendo a concentração sanguínea média de cocaína igual a 0,34 µg/mL ± 0,45 e de cocaetileno igual a 0,38 µg/mL ± 0,34. A concentração sanguínea de cocaína e cocaetileno não se mostrou informação útil para tratamento e prognóstico dos pacientes, porém a detecção no sangue destas substâncias no momento do atendimento, independentemente de sua concentração, pode ser um indicador de gravidade, mostrando que quaisquer concentrações destas substâncias devem ser consideradas potencialmente tóxicas. A aplicação do score SIS revelou-se como importante alternativa capaz de predizer a gravidade dos pacientes atendidos devido a intoxicação por cocaína de maneira rápida e simplificada


Currently, poisoning resulting from the abuse of drug represents a serious problem for public health. Among the main agents involved, cocaine stands out. It became one of the most abused drugs around the world, being one of the main reasons for visits to the emergency room due to the use of illicit substances. The use of cocaine is primarily in combination with alcoholic beverages. There are few studies that relate cocaine blood concentration and the severity of its clinical manifestations in patients attended in the Emergency Room. The aim of the present study was to verify the possible relationship between the blood concentration of cocaine and cocaethylene (product of the interaction of cocaine with ethanol) with the severity of the clinical manifestations presented by patients with cocaine intoxication. Blood levels were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the severity of clinical manifestations was assessed using the Stimulant Intoxication Score (SIS). Of the 81 patients included in the study, 77.8% were men with a mean age of 32.5 years ± 8.5 and mean of SIS 3.4 ± 2.5. From the total of patients included in the study 20 (24.7%) had positive blood results for the analytes of interest, being the mean blood concentration of cocaine equal to 0,34 µg/mL ± 0,45 and of cocaethylene equal to 0,38 µg/mL ± 0,34. The blood concentration of cocaine and cocaethylene has not been shown to be useful information for the treatment and prognosis of patients, but blood levels of these substances at the time of treatment, regardless of their concentration, may be an indicator of severity, showing that any concentrations of these substances should be considered as potentially toxic. The application of the SIS score proved to be an important alternative capable of predicting the severity of the patients attended due to cocaine intoxication in a fast and simplified way


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Cocaine/adverse effects , Alcoholic Beverages/adverse effects , Blood Circulation/drug effects , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods , Substance-Related Disorders , Toxicokinetics
2.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-20090

ABSTRACT

The venom of the common Indian catfish P. canius Hamilton (locally called 'Kanmagur') was examined for its pharmacodynamic activity. The LD50 of the venom in mice was found to be 3.9 mg/kg (ip). At lower doses, the venom produced a positive inotropic effect on toad and rabbit hearts, while at higher doses it produced cardiac arrest. In the isolated guinea pig auricle, the venom increased the rate and amplitude of contraction. The venom increased rat blood pressure--an action antagonised by alpha-adrenergic blocker (phenoxybenzamine). It reduced the rate and amplitude of rat and guinea pig respiration leading to respiratory arrest and death. The venom did not alter the cutaneous capillary permeability of guinea pig but produced vasoconstrictor effect on rat hindquarter perfusion. It induced contractions in several smooth muscle preparations viz., ileum and colon of guinea pig, fundus, uterus and ileum of rat. On isolated guinea pig ileum, the venom produced contraction which was not antagonised by atropine and mepyramine, but was partially antagonised by methysergide associated with a residual contraction which was abolished by SC 19220, a prostaglandin receptor blocker. The venom produced irreversible blockade of electrically induced twitch response on isolated rat phrenic nerve diaphragm and chick biventer cervicis preparation. Haemolysis was not produced by the venom on mice, guinea pig and human RBC (washed).


Subject(s)
Animals , Anura , Blood Circulation/drug effects , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Catfishes , Chickens , Fish Venoms/pharmacology , Guinea Pigs , Heart/drug effects , Muscle, Smooth/drug effects , Nervous System/drug effects , Rats , Respiration/drug effects
3.
Acta physiol. pharmacol. latinoam ; 36(2): 105-6, 1986. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-34939

ABSTRACT

Se estudió el efecto de una dosis única de nifedipina (NIF, 20 mg sublinguales) sobre frecuencia cardíaca (FC), presión arterial (PA), flujo sanguíneo de antebrazo (FSA) y resistencia vascular de antebrazo (RVA) en 15 pacientes normotensos (PN) y 11 hipertensos esenciales (PH). En PN la NIF aumentó la FC (de 78 + ou - 3 a 88 + ou - 3 latidos/m, p <0.05) y el FSA (de 4.0 a 5.5 + ou - 0.3 ml/m.100 ml, p <0.05) y disminuyó la PA (de 99 + ou - 2 a 89 + ou - 3 mmHg, p <0.05) y RVA (de 29 + ou - 3 a 22 + ou - 2 unidades relativas). En PH los cambios fueron (con excepción de FC que no varió significativamente) mucho más pronunciados, y correlacionados directamente con los niveles de PA previos al tratamiento. En experimentos "in vitro en anillos aórticos de ratas espontáneamente hipertensas (SHR) y normotensas (NR) se demostró un mayor efecto relajante de NIF en SHR, mientras que la relajación provocada por nitroglicerina fue igual en SHR y NR. Se concluye que, si bien su efecto hipotensor es mayor en PH, la NIF ejerce un efecto moderado pero significativo en PN. El mayor efecto vasodilatador detectado en PH puede deberse a una supersensibilidad del músculo liso a la NIF, posiblemente relacionado con el influjo de calcio


Subject(s)
Rats , Animals , Humans , Male , Female , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Hemodynamics/drug effects , Hypertension/drug therapy , Nifedipine/administration & dosage , Aorta/drug effects , Blood Circulation/drug effects , Clinical Trials as Topic , Heart Rate/drug effects , Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects , Plethysmography/methods , Vascular Resistance/drug effects
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